BRICS citizens are in for various technological upgrades. According to the BRICS Manufacturing Working Group, which met in Centurion, South Africa, last week, the emerging block is exploring how to scale up modern solutions to old problems.
One such technology is hydrogen fuel cells.
The aim is to improve BRICS citizens’ quality of life and enhance sustainability.
The meeting showcased some of the technologies being developed across the BRICS nations. These projects aim to improve BRICS citizens’ living standards, reducing manufacturing costs and diminishing manufacturing waste.
Hydrogen Fuel cells
These fuel cells use the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity. Hydrogen (from a fuel tank) is introduced into the fuel cell’s anode, while oxygen from the air enters the cathode.
At the anode, hydrogen molecules are split into protons and electrons. The protons pass through an electrolyte to the cathode, while the electrons create an electrical current, generating electricity.
Types of Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC)
Commonly used in transportation, these fuel cells use a polymer electrolyte membrane to conduct protons between the anode and cathode.
Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC)
They used an alkaline electrolyte (potassium hydroxide) and were used in the Apollo space missions. They are being researched for various applications.
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)
They operate at high temperatures and can use a variety of fuels, including hydrogen, natural gas, and biogas, making them suitable for stationary power generation.
Advantages
Zero Emissions:
The process only produces hydrogen, water and heat, making it a clean energy source with zero greenhouse gas emissions.
Efficiency
Fuel cells are efficient, especially when waste heat is utilised for cogeneration, making them energy-efficient.
Versatility:
Cells can be used in various applications, including transportation (cars, buses, trucks), stationary power generation, backup power systems, and more.
Challenges
Hydrogen Production:
Currently, most hydrogen is produced from fossil fuels through steam methane reforming, which generates CO2 emissions. Scaling up clean and sustainable hydrogen production methods is a significant challenge.
Infrastructure:
Building a robust hydrogen infrastructure, including production, storage, transportation, and refuelling stations, is crucial for widespread adoption.
Cost and Durability:
Cells need to become more cost-effective and durable to compete with conventional technologies.
Applications:
Transportation:
Hydrogen fuel cells are used in fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), including cars, buses, and trucks, offering a zero-emission alternative to internal combustion engine vehicles.
Stationary Power Generation:
Hydrogen fuel cells can provide clean and reliable power for homes, businesses, and remote areas not connected to the electrical grid.
Research and development in hydrogen fuel cell technology are ongoing to improve efficiency, reduce costs, enhance durability, and advance sustainable hydrogen production methods, aiming to make hydrogen fuel cells a significant player in the clean energy landscape.
Also read: Cutting-edge technology sets the stage for BRICS infrastructure boom
